Theory of Personality (D564) Practice Exam 2025 - Free Practice Questions and Study Guide

Rationalization, in the context of defense mechanisms, refers to the process of creating logical or reasonable explanations to justify behavior that may otherwise be viewed as unacceptable or irrational. This mechanism allows individuals to maintain a sense of self-esteem and coherence by providing excuses or justifications for their actions, which helps to alleviate feelings of guilt or anxiety.

For instance, if someone fails to meet a goal, they might rationalize the failure by saying that the goal was unrealistic or that external circumstances were to blame, rather than acknowledging their own shortcomings. This process enables individuals to protect their ego and cope with the discomfort of their emotions or judgments about their behavior.

In this context, the other choices do not accurately represent rationalization. Accepting responsibility focuses on acknowledging one's actions without providing justifications. Enhancing self-esteem through criticism involves undermining oneself or others rather than creating justifications for behavior. Ignoring consequences relates more to denial rather than the nuanced process of justifying one’s actions through reasoning.